Abstract
Different subregions of tropical Africa have received varied levels of scrutiny. Whereas rich fossil records helped research dynamics in eastern Africa, it is only recently that scientific-colonial legacies are gradually being replaced by new scientific approaches in the study of archaeological sites in west and central Africa. The Middle Stone Age (MSA) of these poorly studied regions is revealing high variability of cultures, and at the same time an unexpected antiquity and long persistence of its technology. Researchers link these features to complex biological structuration processes that involved the isolation of archaic populations. Recent patterns of introgression into modern populations suggest a key role of these understudied regions to exploring modern human origins that are complementary to studies in tropical eastern Africa.
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