Abstract
The first case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in the year 2012, which spread rapidly and increased to more than 2200 in 2018. This highly pathogenic virus with high mortality rate is among one of the major public health concerns. Saudi Arabia remains to be the most affected region with the majority of MERS-CoV cases, and currently, no effective drugs and vaccines are available for prevention and treatment. A large amount of information is now available regarding the virus, its structure, route of transmission and its pathophysiology. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding of MERS-CoV's pathogenesis, treatment options and recent scientific advancements in vaccine and other therapeutic developments, and the major steps taken for MERS prevention control.
Highlights
This review summarizes the current understanding of MERS-CoV’s pathogenesis, treatment options and recent scientific advancements in vaccine and other therapeutic developments, and the major steps taken for MERS prevention control
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified as a zoonotic virus, whose mode of transmission is from animals to humans
The pathogenic agent of Middle East respiratory syndrome is a new coronavirus which was initially identified from the respiratory content of a patient who was infected, and died, as a result of infection from a mysterious viral disease showing pneumonia like symptoms in Saudi Arabia in 2012 [3]
Summary
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified as a zoonotic virus, whose mode of transmission is from animals to humans. Due to its high mortality rate (∼36%) [9,10] and pathogenicity, nonavailability of vaccine or any other definite treatment, MERS-CoV is considered a major challenge to global health and presents a pressing need for the research and development of definite therapeutic options and adequate management to prevent its infection [11,12]. Studies are being carrying out to assess how this virus causes disease so that novel therapeutics and vaccines can be developed.
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