Mid-infrared emission properties of Nd-doped lead halides for photonic applications

Abstract

The development of rare earth host materials with low maximum phonon energies remains of current interest for infrared (IR) light source development. In this work, we present results of the material preparation and mid-IR emission properties of Nd-doped lead halides PbX 2 (X = Cl, Br, and I). Lead halides are characterized by maximum phonon energies of less than ∼200 cm −1, which leads to small non-radiative decay rates for intra-4f rare earth transitions. Nd-doped lead halides were synthesized from purified starting materials and were grown by vertical Bridgman technique. Under diode-laser excitation at ∼808 nm, all investigated samples exhibited broad Nd 3+ emission bands centered at ∼2.6 and ∼5.2 μm with decay times in the millisecond range. The dominant contributions of these emission bands were assigned to the transitions 4I 13/2 → 4I 9/2 (2.6 μm) and 4I 11/2 → 4I 9/2 (5.2 μm), respectively. The temperature dependence of the 5.2 μm emission lifetime revealed significant difference between the samples and showed a 80, 11, and 17% reduction between 77 K and room-temperature for Nd:PbCl 2, Nd:PbBr 2, and Nd:PbI 2, respectively.