Microwave-Assisted Rapid Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Seed Extract of Trachyspermum ammi: ROS Mediated Biofilm Inhibition and Anticancer Activity.

Kahkashan Perveen,Altaf Khan,Mahmoud M A Abulmeaty,Suhail Razak,Ali M Almajwal,Faizan Abul Qais,Fohad Mabood Husain,Pravej Alam,Tayyaba Afsar

doi:10.3390/biom11020197

Abstract

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts as capping and reducing agents for the biomedical applications has received considerable attention. Moreover, emergence and spread of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens has become a major health concern and lookout for novel alternative effective drugs has gained momentum. In current study, we synthesized gold nanoparticles using the seed extract of Trachyspermum ammi (TA-AuNPs), assessed its efficacy against drug resistant biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Serratia marcescens, and evaluated its anticancer potential against HepG2 cancer cell lines. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of gold nanoparticles was carried out and characterization was done using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Most nanoparticles were observed as spherical and spheroidal with few anisotropies with an average crystalline size of 16.63 nm. Synthesized TA-AuNPs demonstrated significant biofilm inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes (73%) as well as S. marcescens (81%). Exopolysaccharide (EPS), motility, and CSH, key elements that facilitate the formation and maintenance of biofilm were also inhibited significantly at the tested sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). Further, TA-AuNPs effectively obliterated preformed mature biofilms of S. marcescens and L. monocytogenes by 64% and 58%, respectively. Induction of intracellular ROS production in TA-AuNPs treated bacterial cells could be the plausible mechanism for the reduced biofilm formation in test pathogens. Administration of TA-AuNPs resulted in the arrest of cellular proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. TA-AuNPs decrease the intracellular GSH in HepG2 cancer cell lines, cells become more prone to ROS generation, hence induce apoptosis. Thus, this work proposes a new eco-friendly and rapid approach for fabricating NPs which can be exploited for multifarious biomedical applications.

Highlights

IntroductionThe fabrication of metal nanoparticles using biological materials have obtained considerable attention and scientists have developed numerous novel methods of the green synthesis [4,5]
The phytocompounds present in the aqueous extract of Trachyspermum ammi seeds acted as reducing agent and capping agent for the synthesis
The color of HAuCl4 solution was light yellow that changed to ruby red after microwave irradiation

Summary

Introduction

The fabrication of metal nanoparticles using biological materials have obtained considerable attention and scientists have developed numerous novel methods of the green synthesis [4,5]. The major disadvantage is the changes in phytochemical profile of the plant extracts due to seasonal or climate variations that may affect the synthesis procedures and bioactivity. Such changes may lead to concerns regarding the reproducibility of NPs with the same characteristics [9]. The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles for biomedical applications has received considerable attention due to their possibility of being developed as novel material with biological applications [11,12]

Methods

Results

Conclusion