Abstract
In order to hydrolyze geniposide and extract geniposidic acid, a novel microwave irradiation heating method for simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction for preparation of geniposidic acid fromEucommia ulmoidesbark using basic imidazolide ionic liquid was developed in this work. Basic ionic liquid paired by imidazolide anion and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium cation ([C6mim]Im) was used as a dual hydrolysis catalyst and extraction solvent in the proposed approach. The optimal concentration of [C6mim]Im was 0.4 mol/L. And the independent parameters optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on single-factor tests were as follows: microwave irradiation time of 20 min at power of 415 W and liquid-solid ratio of 15 mL/g. Yield of geniposidic acid was increased to3.41±0.17 μmol/g. DM130 macroporous resin, after reaction, was selected to separate geniposidic acid from hydrolysate. The plant materials with different treatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The analysis of SEM and TG further indicated that IMSHE is an efficient preparation method for geniposidic acid. It is reasonable to assume that the method and the dual hydrolysis catalyst and extraction solvent would offer an alternative for the preparation of some other kinds of bioactive substances from plant materials.
Highlights
Eucommia ulmoides, belonging to Eucommiaceae, is a unique kind of plant in China
Researches have reported the application of ionic liquid on the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose and the synthesis of biodiesel [31, 32]
To evaluate the extracting capability and the hydrolytic ability of geniposide from E. ulmoides bark, the ionic liquids with different methylimidazolium cations and anions were studied in this paper
Summary
Eucommia ulmoides, belonging to Eucommiaceae, is a unique kind of plant in China. The E. ulmoides bark has been used as tonic herbs for more than 2000 years, and it is listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Lee et al [1] and Luo et al [2] have used it for the treatment of obesity and hypertension. It is used for strengthening tendons and bones [3], antioxidation, and protecting red blood cell [4, 5]. Previous literatures [6, 7] have reported that some components from bark of E. ulmoides have antihypertensive effect by releasing vascular relaxing molecules such as nitric oxide and endotheliumderived hyperpolarizing factor from endothelium. Geniposidic acid, an iridoids compound from E. ulmoides barks, was proved to be the main antihypertensive component [8]. The existence of geniposidic acid in E. ulmoides bark is very low (0.049%–0.130%) [13], which results in its high price
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