Abstract
Polysaccharides are a main active substance in Panax ginseng; however, microwave-assisted extraction used to prepare P. ginseng polysaccharides (MPPG) has rarely been reported, and knowledge of the bactericidal activity of P. ginseng polysaccharides remains low. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the extraction of P. ginseng polysaccharides by using two methods—hot water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction—and compare their chemical composition and structure. In addition, their antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also determined. The data implied that P. ginseng polysaccharides extracted by microwave-assisted extraction possessed a higher extraction yield than hot water extraction (WPPG) under optimized conditions, and the actual yields were 41.6% ± 0.09% and 28.5% ± 1.62%, respectively. Moreover, the preliminary characterization of polysaccharides was identified after purification. The WPPG with the molecular weight (Mw) of 2.07 × 105 Da was composed of Man, Rib, Rha, GalA, Glu, Gal, and Arab, and the typical characteristics of polysaccharides were determined by IR spectra. Compared with WPPG, MPPG had a higher Mw, uronic acid content, and Glu content. More importantly, the antioxidant activity of MPPG was higher than WPPG, which was probably ascribed to its highly Mw and abundant uronic acid content. Besides, both of them exhibited high bactericidal activity. These results demonstrate that microwave-assisted extraction is an effective method for obtaining P. ginseng polysaccharides, and MPPG could be applied as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent.
Highlights
Some polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide residues attached to each other by glycosidic linkages and belong to macromolecules that are characterized by a structurally various class; these have been widely distributed in higher photosynthetic plants, fungi, algae, etc. [1]
Distilled water was purchased from Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China); 1, phenanthroline, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 ), potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride (FeCl3 ), ferrozine, vitamin C (VC), and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were from Macklin
Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, pyridine, acetic anhydride, chloroform, n-butanol, and ethanol were from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd
Summary
Some polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide residues attached to each other by glycosidic linkages and belong to macromolecules that are characterized by a structurally various class; these have been widely distributed in higher photosynthetic plants, fungi, algae, etc. [1]. Some polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide residues attached to each other by glycosidic linkages and belong to macromolecules that are characterized by a structurally various class; these have been widely distributed in higher photosynthetic plants, fungi, algae, etc. Many natural polysaccharides are highly valuable biomaterials that are characterized by their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and biodegradable properties. As a result, they have become the focus of attention in clinical and experimental research [2]. It is noteworthy that plant-derived polysaccharides possess various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory [3,4]. It is important to obtain high-activity polysaccharides and explore their potential biological activity in other fields.
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