Abstract
We give a broad overview of the history of microwave superconductivity and explore the technological developments that have followed from the unique electrodynamic properties of superconductors. Their low loss properties enable resonators with high quality factors that can nevertheless handle extremely high current densities. This in turn enables superconducting particle accelerators, high-performance filters and analog electronics, including metamaterials, with extreme performance. The macroscopic quantum properties have enabled new generations of ultra-high-speed digital computing and extraordinarily sensitive detectors. The microscopic quantum properties have enabled large-scale quantum computers, which at their heart are essentially microwave-fueled quantum engines. We celebrate the rich history of microwave superconductivity and look to the promising future of this exciting branch of microwave technology.
Highlights
The unique microwave properties of superconductors enable a remarkable range of novel applications and technologies
This, along with the macroscopic quantum properties of superconductors have enabled a family of radically new digital electronics based on magnetic flux quantization and the Josephson effect
Because microwave superconductivity is a key enabler for present and future quantum technologies, anyone trained in microwave engineering has entry level skills for this exciting new technology frontier [1]
Summary
All superconductors are characterized by three universal hallmarks, namely zero DC resistance, the Meissner effect (think of floating magnets), and macroscopic quantum phenomena (quantum mechanics visible to the eye!). The circulating current creates a solenoidal magnetic field and the zero resistance state can be used to generate very large and stable magnetic fields by making a superconducting solenoid [16]. Both magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers are enabled by superconducting magnets [17]. Least for photons with energy less than the minimum value of the energy gap, h f < 2 where h is Planck’s constant and f is the frequency of the radiation Such a superconductor can show a nearly zero loss microwave behavior in the limit of very low temperature. It implies that a large enough magnetic field applied to the sample can destroy superconductivity
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