Abstract
The measurement of glucose concentration finds interesting potential applications in both industry and biomedical contexts. Among the proposed solutions, the use of microwave planar resonant sensors has led to remarkable scientific activity during the last years. These sensors rely on the changes in the dielectric properties of the medium due to variations in the glucose concentration. These devices show electrical responses dependent on the surrounding dielectric properties, and therefore the changes in their response can be related to variations in the glucose content. This work shows an up-to-date review of this sensing approach after more than one decade of research and development. The attempts involved are sorted by the sensing parameter, and the computation of a common relative sensitivity to glucose is proposed as general comparison tool. The manuscript also discusses the key points of each sensor category and the possible future lines and challenges of the sensing approach.
Highlights
The use of microwave techniques for developing all sort of sensors has stirred an intense research field, which has been attracting increasing attention by the scientific community during the last decades
Due to several interesting features, such as cost-effectiveness, ease of development and ease of integration, methods based on planar microwave resonators are frequently considered for applications requiring dielectric permittivity measurements [10,11,12], especially for characterization of lossy organic liquids [13]
As a simple example of resonant glucose sensor, let us consider a planar resonator loaded with a dielectric sample
Summary
The use of microwave techniques for developing all sort of sensors has stirred an intense research field, which has been attracting increasing attention by the scientific community during the last decades. Due to several interesting features, such as cost-effectiveness, ease of development and ease of integration, methods based on planar microwave resonators are frequently considered for applications requiring dielectric permittivity measurements [10,11,12], especially for characterization of lossy organic liquids [13] It is in this context where the attention of a part of the microwave community was attracted towards glucose sensing.
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