Abstract
Microwave resonances have been used to measure the volumetric thermal expansion of a spherical cavity between the temperature of the triple point of water (Tt) and the temperature of the triple point of gallium (Tg). Using the TM 1,1 and TM 1,2 modes, we find 106 [V(Tg)/V(Tt) - 1] = 1418.5 ± 1.0 and 1418.1 ± 0.6, respectively. These results are in agreement with the value 1416.6 ± 1.5 obtained by filling the cavity with mercury and using it as a dilatometer. The microwave measurements are sufficiently accurate that they can be used for primary gas or acoustic thermometry and for measuring the changes in volume standards with temperature, pressure, or time. We have evidence that microwave measurements can be used to determine the volume of a spherical cavity with an uncertainty of the order of 30 ppm and further improvements are likely.
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