Abstract
The paper presents experimental results obtained in the manufacturing process of high-strength glass foam by combined use of two solid foaming agents (calcium carbonate and graphite) in variable weight ratios. The originality of the work is applying the unconventional microwave heating method, unlike the conventional techniques currently used in similar industrial processes. The optimal experimental variant, composed of 89.1 % glass waste, 0.9% calcium carbonate, 1 % graphite and other additives, was sintered at 828 ºC with a very low energy consumption (0.73 kWh/kg). The main characteristics of the optimal product were apparent density of 0.39 g/cm3, thermal conductivity of 0.088 W/m·K and compressive strength of 3.6 MPa, being usable in fields that requires resistance to mechanical stress and relatively difficult environmental conditions.
Highlights
In recent decades, the recycling of waste and industrial by-products [1] has become one of the priority concerns especially of developed countries and those developing
According to the basic principle mentioned above of the manufacture of glass foam by foaming glass waste, the foaming agents used in this experiment incorporated in the powder mixture of raw material and additives release gases following oxidation and decomposition chemical reactions
Under normal conditions of pressure and without the influence of other additives, the calcium carbonate decomposes according to the reaction (3) at over 900 oC [20, 21] into CaO, which is incorporated into the composition of molten glass and CO2, which is released into the viscous mass of the glass and participates in its foaming
Summary
The recycling of waste (plastic, metal, glass, paper, etc.) and industrial by-products (metallurgical slag, coal ash, sludge, oil shale, etc.) [1] has become one of the priority concerns especially of developed countries and those developing. The annual rate of generating this waste is constantly increasing, so storing it is no longer a viable solution. In this context, only the reintroduction of waste and by-products in the industrial manufacturing process of new products of the same type is no longer a sufficient solution in terms of ecology, being necessary new variants of their valorization. It has been found that the building materials industry, that is a great consumer of fossil fuels and a greenhouse gases generator [2], could assimilate similar products made of glass waste with much lower energy consumption (about 500 kJ/kg) than that required for the manufacture of glass (about 1500 kJ/kg) [4]. Experimental research in the field of quality improvement and expansion of the range of glass waste products is very active in the world, the literature providing numerous examples
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