Abstract
The rapid development of wireless communications, software-defined radios, and ultrawideband (UWB) engenders an ever-increasing demand for clock generators that fully covers multiple frequency bands <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3]</xref> . As the “heartbeat” that pumps clock generators, such as phase-locked loops (PLLs), microwave oscillators with wideband frequency tuning range (TR) are thus attracting a great deal of research interest.
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