Abstract
The inverse Faraday effect (IFE) in superconductors is proposed, where a static magnetization is generated under the influence of a circularly polarized microwave field. Classical modeling of the IFE explicitly provides superconducting gyration coefficient in terms of its complex conductivity. The IFE is then considered as a source of nonlinearity and gyrotropy even at a low-power microwave regime giving rise to a spectrum of phenomena and applications. Microwave-induced gyroelectric conductivity, Hall effect, microwave birefringence, flux quantization, and a vortex state are predicted and quantitatively analyzed. A peculiar microwave birefringence in gyrotropic superconductors due to radical response of superelectrons has been highlighted.
Highlights
Introduction.—Nonlinear microwave response of superconducting structures is a core subject in probing the physics of superconductivity [1] and implemented in numerous applications ranging from quantum metrology to superconducting qubits and microwave quantum optics [2]
Borrowing from optomagnetics, a less-explored field in nonlinear optics [17], a microwave-induced nonlinearity in superconductors based on the inverse Faraday effect (IFE) is proposed in this Letter
The purely nonlinear effect arising from the IFE is solely based on the gyration of the time-varying electric field and it does not directly link to any linear electromagnetic properties of the materials such as Kerr-type that is related to the linear refractive index
Summary
Introduction.—Nonlinear microwave response of superconducting structures is a core subject in probing the physics of superconductivity [1] and implemented in numerous applications ranging from quantum metrology to superconducting qubits and microwave quantum optics [2]. The IFE in a superconductor is based on angular momentum transfer between the circularly polarized microwave field and a superconductor.
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