Abstract

This paper provides initial results on the efficacy of Huygens Principle (HP) microwave imaging for haemorrhagic stroke detection. This is done using both simulations and measurements in an anechoic chamber. Microstrip antennas operating between 1 and 2 GHz have been designed, constructed and used for imaging a human head model in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. A 3D model consisting of human head tissues of Ella is employed in simulation. An emulated haemorrhagic stroke with the dielectric properties equivalent to the blood has been inserted in Ella. Moreover, a 3-layered head-mimicking phantom containing an inclusion has been constructed. Frequency-domain measurements have been performed in an anechoic chamber using a Vector Network Analyser arrangement to obtain the transfer function (S 21 ) between two antennas. Both simulations and measurements show that HP based technique may be used for haemorrhagic stroke detection. Among linear scattering techniques, the HP based technique allows to detect dielectrics inhomogeneities in frequency domain. HP can also be used if the antennas and phantom are in free space, i.e., no coupling liquid is required.

Highlights

  • Strokes are the leading cause of adult disability and are the number two cause of death worldwide [1]

  • Where ρ⃗⃗ ≡ (ρ, ∅) is the observation point; k0 represents the wave number in free space; and ∆S is the spatial sampling; EHrcPs,t2rD stands for the “reconstructed” internal electric field

  • We have collected the signals with the same method in both simulations and measurements

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Summary

Introduction

Strokes are the leading cause of adult disability and are the number two cause of death worldwide [1]. The complexity of stroke diagnosis emphasizes the vital importance played by the CT and MRI scan systems They are not fast, cost effective or portable, nor are they accessible at rural medical clinics, or carried by first response paramedical teams. Diagnostic microwave imaging exploits the differences between tissues’ dielectric properties and it has been demonstrated that brain-stroke changes the dielectric properties of the tissues. Microwave imaging can supplement current diagnostic methods as it may potentially provide a fast, cost-effective and portable detection system [6]. The aim of this paper is to provide initial results on the efficacy of HP microwave imaging for haemorrhagic stroke detection. This is done using both simulations and measurements in an anechoic chamber.

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