Abstract
Microwave imaging (MI) is characterized by no exposure, stronger contrast between soft tissues than X-rays and ultrasound, and a smaller device scale. This chapter describes the electrical properties of the breast tissue that underlie MI, and then outlines the MI hardware configuration and three imaging algorithms: confocal imaging, scattering tomography, and near-field holography. After that, we will introduce the actual equipment and experimental results using the three imaging algorithms. Finally, we will summarize the challenges of realizing a medical imaging device using MI.
Highlights
Breast cancer begins in the late 20s, but the mammary glands are well developed in the 20s and 30s, making initial diagnosis by X-ray mammography, which is a general examination, difficult
During the breast cancer surgery performed at Aichi Medical University from May 2018 to July 2020, breast tissue specimens were collected from 140 patients who consented to the specimen collection [9]
We evaluated the image reconstruction of an image sensor constructed by pressing folded quasi self- complementary antenna (FQSCA) against a rectangular dielectric block by computer simulation compared with a printed dipole
Summary
Breast cancer begins in the late 20s, but the mammary glands are well developed in the 20s and 30s, making initial diagnosis by X-ray mammography, which is a general examination, difficult. There are two types of MI, scattering tomography (ST), which solves the inverse scattering problem and reconstructs the relative permittivity and conductivity distribution in the breast, and confocal imaging (CI), which reconstructs the scattered power distribution [2] In principle, the former can reconstruct the shape of intramammary tissue and is suitable as a diagnostic device. The inverse scattering problem is a non-linear ill-posed problem with more unknowns (relative permittivity / conductivity distribution in the breast) than the number of equations (measurement data), and is susceptible to modeling, manufacturing, and measurement errors The latter has been clinically imaged by several research groups, including the author, and strong scattering has been confirmed around the cancer [3–6]. The issues of MI and future prospects will be described
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