Microwave Frequency Analysis of Dielectric Properties in Biological Tissues: Insights into Dielectric Constant, Conductivity, and Resistivity at 9.4 GHz

Abstract

This study investigates the dielectric properties of various biological tissues at microwave frequencies, specifically focusing on their dielectric constant, conductivity, resistivity, and loss tangent. Using methods such as Von Hippel’s and Yadav Gandhi’s techniques, the dielectric characteristics of heart, liver, brain, and muscle of chicken tissues were analysed at 9.4 GHz. It is found that tissues with higher water content exhibit greater dielectric constants and conductivities, while those with higher solid content, like liver, display higher resistivity. It has also been observed that tissues with lower dielectric constants and conductivities are those with greater absorption indices, which are typically associated with increased energy dissipation as heat. An increasing amount of energy dissipation may result from tissues with higher absorption rates being less effective at transferring microwave energy, as suggested by this inverse connection, which also emphasizes the complexity of electromagnetic wave interaction within tissues. This work provides critical insights into the interaction of electromagnetic waves with biological tissues, which is essential for applications in medical diagnostics, therapeutic technologies, and electromagnetic exposure safety standards.