Microwave Exposure to Male Reproductive Pattern and Infertility.

Abstract

Our objective was investigate the effects of 50 GHz microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on reproductive system of male rats. Twelve Wistar rats of age group 60 days were separated into two groups sham exposed (control) and experimental. Rats were exposed with 50 GHz continuous source through the antenna, 2 hrs a day for 45 days. The power density at receiving end was measured (0.86 μW/cm2) and the nominal SAR value was calculated (8.0 x 10-4 w/kg). After the last exposure the rats were sacrificed immediately and sperms were collected. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and Catalase), histone kinase, apoptosis and cell cycle were analysed in sperm cells. The protocol and study method was approved by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) and committee for purpose of control and supervision of experimental on Animal (CPCSEA). Results show a significant decrease in GPx and SOD activity (p= <0.05) in sperm cells, whereas Catalase activity shows significant increase in exposed group of sperm samples as compared with control (p= <0.001). We observed a statistically significant decrease in mean activity of histone kinase as compared to the control (p < 0.002). The percentage of cells dividing in a spermatogenesis was estimated by analysing DNA per cell by flow cytometry. The percentage of apoptosis in electromagnetic field exposed group shows increase ratio as compared to sham exposed (p < 0.03). There were no significant differences in the G0/G1 -phase. Results also indicate a significant decrease in percentage of G2/M transition phase of cell cycle in exposed group as compared to sham exposed (p < 0.004). Results indicate that these radiations may have significant effect on reproductive system of male rats, which may be an indication of male infertility. (poster)