Abstract
This study investigated transdermal drug delivery mech- anisms of pectin and pectin-oleic acid (OA) gels and their efiects on skin barrier treated by microwave. Hydrophilic pectin-sulphanilamide gels, with or without OA penetration enhancer, were subjected to drug release and skin permeation studies. The skins were untreated or microwave-treated, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ra- man spectroscopy, thermal, electron microscopy and histology tech- niques. Unlike solid fllm, skin treatment by microwave at 2450MHz demoted drug permeation especially from OA-rich pectin gel. The pectin-skin binding was facilitated by gel with freely soluble pectin molecules instead of solid fllm with entangled chains. It was promoted when microwave ∞uidized stratum corneum into structureless domains, or OA extracted endogenous lipid fraction and formed separate phases within intercellular lipid lamellae. This led to a remarkable decrease in transdermal drug permeation. Microwave-enhanced transdermal de- livery must not be implemented with pectin gel. In skin treated by microwave, the penetration enhancer in gel can act as a permeation retardant.
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