Abstract
A microwave-assisted extraction procedure using water as extractant has been performed for the extraction of acid herbicides (namely, bentazone, 2,4-D, trichlopyr, 2,4,5-T and 2,4,5-Tp) from different types of soil. Two experimental designs were used for the optimization of the leaching step. The selection of water as extractant provided a clean approach by avoiding the use of organic solvents. The use of water also enhanced the extraction efficiency due to the high interaction of the microwave irradiation with polar solvents. The time required for total removal of the target compounds was 35 min. The recoveries yield were from 87.64 to 106.14% with a repeatability (expressed as relative standard deviation) ranging between 1.34 and 9.24%. A within-laboratory reproducibility, also expressed as relative standard deviation, varied from 3.97 to 10.41%. A flow-injection manifold allowed automation of the whole process by hyphenating the steps subsequent to extraction (namely, filtration, preconcentration, chromatographic separation and UV detection) for the determination of the analytes.
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