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Abstract
Fluorescent amikacin modified nitrogen, sulfur co-doped carbon dots (amikacin modified N,S-CDs) were synthesized by a facile and low-cost one-step microwave-assisted specifically for selective detection of Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). Amikacin is a semi-synthetic amino glycoside antibiotic and it was employed in this study to increase the fluorescence response of N,S-CDs by providing binding ligand towards E. coli. The effect of thiourea content as the source of nitrogen and sulfur dopants was investigated prior to the preparation of amikacin modified N,S-CDs. The formation of amikacin modified N,S-CDs were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and spectrofluorometer. Amikacin modified N,S-CDs was identified to be successfully synthesized from the wavenumber shift of the C=O stretching mode. Amikacin modified N,S-CDs were amorphous with an average size of 7 nm. Fluorescence spectra showed that the highest intensity was obtained at thiourea content of 50% and amikacin mass of 25 mg. By comparing fluorescence responses of all the investigated amikacin modified N,S-CDs, the limit of detection (LOD) was attained by 25 mg amikacin modified N,S-CDs at 1.526 cfu mL−1.
Highlights
The contamination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water resources remains a serious environmental problem. 844 million people still lacked a basic drinking water service either utilize developed sources with a period of water collection more than 30 min., employ exposed wells and springs, or by using water straight from surface water sources, based on WHO and UNICEF data in 2015 [1]
The short period of incubation was used for pathogenic bacteria detection utilizing magnetic Carbon dots (CDs) that were synthesized from magnetic nanoparticles and chitosan [8]
Amikacin was introduced through the microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis in order to enhance the affinity and selectivity of N,S-CDs towards E. coli
Summary
The contamination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water resources remains a serious environmental problem. 844 million people still lacked a basic drinking water service either utilize developed sources with a period of water collection more than 30 min. (limited services), employ exposed wells and springs (unimproved sources), or by using water straight from surface water sources, based on WHO and UNICEF data in 2015 [1]. One application of CDs as a bacterial detector is utilizing amphiphilic CDs to perform detection and imaging of bacteria based on the attachment of synthesized material to bacterial cell surfaces. The short period of incubation was used for pathogenic bacteria detection utilizing magnetic CDs that were synthesized from magnetic nanoparticles and chitosan [8]. When considering these previous studies, fluorescent CDs are capable of greatly reducing the incubation period as a means to attain short to real-time detection. Modification of functional groups on the CDs surface is necessary for enhancing the intensity, and many researchers have performed doping with different atoms. Amikacin was introduced through the microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis in order to enhance the affinity and selectivity of N,S-CDs towards E. coli
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