Abstract
Glycolipids are non-ionic surfactants occurring in numerous products of daily life. Due to their surface-activity, emulsifying properties, and foaming abilities, they can be applied in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids based on carbohydrates and free fatty acids or esters is often catalyzed using certain acyltransferases in reaction media of low water activity, e.g., organic solvents or notably Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs). Existing reports describing integrated processes for glycolipid production from renewables use many reaction steps, therefore this study aims at simplifying the procedure. By using microwave dielectric heating, DESs preparation was first accelerated considerably. A comparative study revealed a preparation time on average 16-fold faster than the conventional heating method in an incubator. Furthermore, lipids from robust oleaginous yeast biomass were successfully extracted up to 70% without using the pre-treatment method for cell disruption, limiting logically the energy input necessary for such process. Acidified DESs consisting of either xylitol or sorbitol and choline chloride mediated the one-pot process, allowing subsequent conversion of the lipids into mono-acylated palmitate, oleate, linoleate, and stearate sugar alcohol esters. Thus, we show strong evidence that addition of immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (Novozym 435®), in acidified DES mixture, enables a simplified and fast glycolipid synthesis using directly oleaginous yeast biomass.
Highlights
Surfactants are chemicals that are in an ever growing and worldwide demand in various fields of application like pharmaceutics, cosmetics, cleaning agents, or even the petroleum industry [1]
Such context makes it crucial to design processes in agreement with green chemistry principles that aim to synthetize amphiphilic molecules that are bio-sourced, and biodegradable, using innovative and low energy input methods [3]. Glycolipids are in this regard an interesting class of surfactants since they are obtained via chemical or bio-chemical combination of a sugar, or sugar alcohol moiety, and a hydrophobic tail which can be a fatty acid, or a fatty alcohol
The extraction efficiency was investigated by the calculation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) and whole lipid per Cell Dry Weight, alongside the profiling of the lipids
Summary
Surfactants are chemicals that are in an ever growing and worldwide demand in various fields of application like pharmaceutics, cosmetics, cleaning agents, or even the petroleum industry [1]. It is reasonable to think that the recent Covid-19 crisis might boost this demand because of the use of such compounds in washing and more generally in hygiene products [2] Such context makes it crucial to design processes in agreement with green chemistry principles that aim to synthetize amphiphilic molecules that are bio-sourced, and biodegradable, using innovative and low energy input methods [3]. Glycolipids are in this regard an interesting class of surfactants since they are obtained via chemical or bio-chemical combination of a sugar, or sugar alcohol moiety, and a hydrophobic tail which can be a fatty acid, or a fatty alcohol. Acyltransferases, present the advantage to be useable
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
