Abstract
Objective: Current study is aimed at the formulation of silver nanoparticles loaded with the extract of Coleus amboinicus leaf extract by microwave irradiation. A facile and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using a biological agent such as plant extracts with the aid of microwave irradiation is proposed as an economical and environmentally friendly approach alternative to chemical and physical methods.
 Methods: In order to fabricate silver nanoparticles by microwave irradiation, aqueous extract of leaves Coleus amboinicus (CA) were treated with aqueous silver nitrate solution and mixture was placed in the microwave oven for exposure to microwave. Optimizations of the process were carried out by varying the quantity of extract, silver nitrate concentration and duration of microwave irradiation. Formations of nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy observing for the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak. Nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
 Results: Silver nanoparticle showed the SPR optical absorption band peak at 434 nm by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Reaction mixture containing 2 mmol silver nitrate and 9 ml of extract subjected to microwave irradiation of 60 sec at a temperature of 60 °C was found to be optimised condition, which produced nanoparticles that were spherical in shape and had an average diameter of 15.685 nm.
 Conclusion: This research study opens an innovative design to progress our understanding of how silver nanoparticles behave can be optimized to improve their surface morphology, which is beneficial to improve its therapeutic effect.
Highlights
Metallic nanoparticles are being utilized in every phase of science along with engineering, including medical fields and are still charming the scientists to explore new dimensions for their respective worth which is generally attributed to their corresponding small sizes
The interest in silver nanoparticles (SNPs) has gained prominence owing to its excellent plasmonic activity, electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties, and bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects along with antiproliferative effects compared with other metal nanoparticles [1]
Silver nanoparticles are synthesized by the chemical method using chemicals as reducing agents, which later on become accountable for various biological risks due to their general toxicity; engendering the serious concern to develop environment friendly processes
Summary
Metallic nanoparticles are being utilized in every phase of science along with engineering, including medical fields and are still charming the scientists to explore new dimensions for their respective worth which is generally attributed to their corresponding small sizes. To solve the objective; biological approaches are coming up to fill the void; for instance green synthesis using biological molecules derived from plant sources in the form of extracts exhibiting superiority over chemical and/or biological methods. These plantbased biological molecules undergo highly controlled assembly for making them suitable for the metal nanoparticles synthesis [2]. Microwave irradiation is considered to be a highly effective technology and is widely used in the synthesis of nanoparticles because of more homogeneous heating process and can speed up the reaction rate by orders of magnitude compared with conventional heating [3]
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