Abstract
Purpose: To synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of the fresh aerial parts of Phyllanthus niruri. Methods: The synthesis of AgNPs of a P. niruri extract was carried out in a microwave oven. The extraction was carried out using a supercritical fluid extractor. The AgNPs were characterized by the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectral analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) zetasizer analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial assays of AgNPs were carried out against different bacterial and fungal strains. Results: Results of various analytical techniques confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs of a P. niruri extract. The UV–vis spectroscopy showed an intense silver surface plasmon resonance band at 415 NM. The AgNPs had a mean size of 110 nm in the Zetasizer analysis. TEM images illustrated spherical AgNPs having a mean particle size of 110 nm. The X-ray diffractograms showed peaks at 38.17°, 44.28°, and 64.52°. The average crystallite size of Ag-NPs was found to be 110 nm. FT-IR spectra confirmed the stability of the AgNPs. The AgNPs demonstrated good antimicrobial effects against several tested pathogenic microbes. Conclusion: An efficiently synthesized AgNPs of P. niruri (SC-CO2) extract has been prepared by a simple, eco-friendly, cost-effective, rapid green chemistry methodology. The AgNPs of P. niruri extract possesses significant antimicrobial properties against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Phyllanthus niruri, Supercritical fluid extraction, Microwave, Antimicrobial activity
Highlights
Supercritical carbon dioxide extractionNanotechnology is a multidisciplinary and the fastest growing scientific field in material sciences, physics, chemistry, electrical & chemical engineering, biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences
The synthesis of silver Nanoparticles was visually confirmed by the change in the color of the reaction mixture as the microwave radiations progress
The color of the reactants was steadily changed from colorless to yellowish brown upon microwave irradiation
Summary
Supercritical carbon dioxide extractionNanotechnology is a multidisciplinary and the fastest growing scientific field in material sciences, physics, chemistry, electrical & chemical engineering, biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences. Microwave which assisted the biosynthesis of the AgNPs of plant extract offers many advantages This is the fast and easy way of green synthesis. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) is an annual small herb which has many folklore uses in the traditional system of medicines This plant is reported to possess diverse medicinal properties like antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer activities in the experimental studies that might be due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, lipids, sterol and lignins [8,9]. We have explored a simple and green synthetic method for the synthesis of the AgNPs by reducing silver ions available in the silver nitrate solution using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extract of P. niruri by a microwave-assisted method
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