Microsurgical Phalloplasty in Nontranssexual Patients – Considerations After a Retrospective Single-center Analysis of 23 Cases

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of a single-center series of penile reconstruction using the radial free forearm flap in rare indications. Materials and MethodsFrom April 1993 until September 2016, 23 nontranssexual patients underwent phallic reconstruction by the use of a neuromicrovascular free radial forearm flap in our clinic. Patient-specific characteristics, surgical techniques, complications, and outcomes were retrospectively evaluated and interpreted. ResultsThe indications for surgery were: disorders of sex development (34.8%), reconstruction after oncologic surgery (34.8%), automutilation (8.7%), iatrogenic (8.7%), microphallus (8.7%), and 1 case of priapism (4.3%). Two patients (8.7%) had a total flap necrosis and 2 patients (8.7%) had a partial flap necrosis; 3 out of these 4 patients were heavy smokers. Urinary fistulae and strictures were frequent but were successfully managed by urologists in all cases. There was no statistically significant correlation between smoking, comorbidities, number of venous anastomoses, and complications. ConclusionIn departments experienced in microsurgery, the goals of penile reconstruction could also be achieved in patients with rare indications by the use of the neuromicrovascular free radial forearm flap. Despite the high rate of postoperative complications, penile reconstruction with the free radial forearm flap yields satisfying results. An intensive cooperation between the plastic-reconstructive team and the urological team is a prerequisite to achieve the best surgical result.