Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus: A Neurosurgical Perspective

Abstract

Background: The cavernous sinus (CS) is a complex anatomical structure that poses significant challenges to neurosurgeons performing surgical interventions in this region. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the CS, including its relevant landmarks and structures, is crucial for successful surgical outcomes. Objective: This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the anatomy of the CS, including relevant anatomical landmarks and structures, as well as surgical approaches for neurosurgeons. Methods: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, using the keywords "cavernous sinus," "neuroanatomy," and "neurosurgery." Inclusion criteria included all articles published in the English language. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts, and relevant data was extracted from the included articles and synthesized for narrative synthesis. Results: A thorough comprehension of the eleven triangles in the parasellar region, medial fossa, and paraclival region is imperative for neurosurgeons to navigate complex anatomical structures during surgical approaches to the CS. These structures' anatomical relationships and spatial organization were summarized, along with an overview of relevant surgical approaches. Conclusion: The anatomy of the CS is complex and requires a thorough comprehension of the relevant anatomical landmarks and structures and surgical approaches. Neurosurgeons must comprehensively understand the eleven triangles in the parasellar region, medial fossa, and paraclival region to navigate the complex anatomical structures during surgical interventions effectively. This knowledge can enhance surgical precision and reduce the risk of complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes. KEY WORDS: Microsurgical Anatomy, Cavernous Sinus, Neurosurgical, Surgical Interventions.