Abstract
An investigation was carried out on the surface morphologies, crystal structures and electrical properties of lead-free piezoelectric (1-x)K0.40Na0.60Nb0.96Sb0.04O3-xBi0.5K0.5HfO3 ceramics, prepared by conventional solid-state reaction route. Based on X-ray diffraction results and temperature-dependent dielectric properties, we found that the ceramics experienced a structural evolution from orthorhombic phase to multi-phase coexistence and then to rhombohedral phase, with the increase of Bi0.5K0.5HfO3 content. Furthermore, a rhombohedral–tetragonal phase boundary was identified at x = 0.035, which was considered to be caused by the merging of rhombohedral-orthorhombic and orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperatures. The ceramics exhibited an enhanced piezoelectric activity near the rhombohedral–tetragonal phase boundary, with a piezoelectric constant d33 of 230 pC/N and a planar electromechanical coupling coefficient kp of 0.340. In addition, a clear composition dependence was observed for the microstructure of the ceramics, which could be explained by the combined effect of vacancies and phase segregations.
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