Abstract
The microstructure of TiO2−opacified porcelain enamels was examined by optical microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. The mosaic pattern found appears to correspond to the positions of the frit particles from which the enamel was made. Significant differences were observed in the crystallization behavior of adjoining frit particles. There is evidence that rutile grows from frit particle surfaces, whereas anatase is body‐nucleated. The anatase‐to‐rutile inversion is a ripening process rather than a phase transformation. Processes occurring during the firing of a TiO2 enamel include crystallization from single‐phase glass, crystallization from multiphase glass, and a ripening process.
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