Abstract
The effect of tungsten content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and shape memory effect of Ti–W alloys were investigated in detail. The results showed that the microstructures and phase constitutions of Ti–W alloys were sensitive to tungsten contents. Only hexagonal α′ phase was found in Ti–10W alloy, while orthorhombic α″ martensite formed in Ti–15W alloy. When the content of W increased to 20 wt.%, metastable β phase was found. The content of α″ phase decreased with further increasing W content. Transmission electron microscope results confirmed the presence of ω phase in Ti–20W and Ti–25W. The density of Ti–25W alloy was 5.65 g/cm3. The elastic modulus, yield strength and hardness of Ti–W alloys decreased firstly and then increased with the additions of W. Ti–15W alloy exhibited the lowest elastic modulus of 68.4 GPa and yield strength of 309 MPa among all studied alloys, while the tensile elongation monotonically increased with increasing W additions. The Ti–10W alloy showed the highest yield strength of 516 MPa and the lowest elongation of 7.4%. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope results also confirmed the occurrence of the stress induced martensitic transformation of β to α″ during tensile tests for Ti–25W alloy. Shape memory effect was also observed in Ti–W alloys. The Ti–25W alloy showed the maximal shape memory recovery ratio of 22%.
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