Abstract
The 347 stainless steel tube cold rolling test was carried out by a LG60 two‐roll pilger mill. The microstructure evolution was examined by microscope, SEM, and XRD tests. The finite element software DEFORM‐3D has been used to simulate the pilgering process, and the obtained equivalent stress and metal flow were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the internal slip line was randomly distributed, the deformation of the inner wall was more intense than the outer wall structure, and the austenite γ phase was transformed into the α′‐martensitic phase. The simulation results indicated that the direction of metal flow was constantly changing, and the equivalent stress of the inner wall of the steel tube was greater than the equivalent stress of the outer wall. In addition, the slip zone of the inner wall of the characteristic section was more severe than that near the outer wall slip zone. The simulation verified the experimental results to some extent.
Highlights
In 1929, Germany Krupp Company developed 347 stainless steel by adding Nb to stainless steel in order to improve the mechanical stability of stainless steel and prevent the precipitation of chromium carbide
Results from finite element simulations of the process are evaluated. e metal flow and equivalent stress have been of particular interest. e study provides further explanation of the Advances in Materials Science and Engineering microstructure evolution and the differences between the inner and outer wall structures obtained by the experiment
E phase change will have a direct impact on the mechanical properties of the material. e production of α′-martensite further explains the work hardening mechanism of the cold-rolled 347 stainless steel tube from the aspect of phase change. e austenite c-phase diffraction peak of the deformed tube is widened because the internal residual stress becomes large during pilering and the grain refinement degree is intensified as the rolling progress
Summary
In 1929, Germany Krupp Company developed 347 stainless steel by adding Nb to stainless steel in order to improve the mechanical stability of stainless steel and prevent the precipitation of chromium carbide. Pilgering is an important method for producing high-performance tubes It has the characteristics of high material utilization, large accumulated deformation in cross section, and high machining accuracy and is widely used in processing and manufacturing of various metal tubes including stainless steel, titanium alloys, and zirconium alloys [2, 3]. Lodej et al [4] and Mulot [5] et al used finite element simulation software Forge 3 to establish a two-roll pilgering model and analyzed changes and distributions of stress, strain, rolling force, and torque in one pass rolling process. Huang et al [10, 11] used ABAQUS software to simulate the process of rolling titanium alloy tube and analyzed the force, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain. Results from finite element simulations of the process are evaluated. e metal flow and equivalent stress have been of particular interest. e study provides further explanation of the Advances in Materials Science and Engineering microstructure evolution and the differences between the inner and outer wall structures obtained by the experiment
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