Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, three-dimensional printed biological scaffolds play an important role in the development of bone regeneration. The ideal scaffolds should have the ability to match the bone degradation rate and osteogenic ability. This article optimizes the unit cell model of the microstructure including spherical pore, gyroid, and topology to explore degradation performance of scaffolds. Boolean operation of array microstructure unit cells and selected part of a computer-aided design (CAD) femur model are adopted to create a reconstructed scaffold model. Polylactic acid/[Formula: see text]-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite scaffolds with spherical pore, gyroid, and topology-optimized structures are manufactured by three-dimensional printing utilizing the composition of bio-ink including polylactic acid, [Formula: see text]-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. After degradation of the scaffolds in vitro for several days, the mechanical properties are analyzed to study the effects of different microstructures on the degradation properties. The results show that the gyroid scaffolds with favorable degradability still maintain excellent mechanical properties after degradation. Mechanical properties of the scaffolds with topology-optimized structure and spherical pore microstructure scaffolds have a significant decrease after degradation.
Highlights
Reconstruction of sophisticated bone defects continues to have significant challenges in patients with insufficient bone dimensions
Autogenous bone grafts harvested from a healthy region of the patient are still ordinarily considered the gold standard for enhancing bone repair, their use is restricted in clinical practice due to graft resorption rates, high donor site morbidity, and circumscribed bone availability.[1]
The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and compressive stress) of the 3D printed scaffold with topology-optimized structure were better than the structures of gyroid and spherical pore before degradation
Summary
Reconstruction of sophisticated bone defects continues to have significant challenges in patients with insufficient bone dimensions. Additive manufacturing (AM), which includes three-dimensional (3D) printing, stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and selective laser sintering (SLS), has received developing attention in medical devices and tissue. Advances in Mechanical Engineering engineering.[2,3,4,5] In addition, bone tissue engineering (BTE) including 3D printed bioscaffold technology has become a promising approach to bone repair and reconstruction.[6,7,8] Parry et al.[9] created a biocompatible polymer scaffold with 3D printing technology, capable of sustaining vascularization and tissue ingrowth. Cox et al.[10] presented a systematic characterization of bone tissue scaffolds fabricated via 3D printing from hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVOH) composite powders
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