Abstract
The influence of Ti, a low activation alloying element, on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated of reduced activation ferritic–martensitic (RAFM) steel containing Ti instead of Ta, The steel design with Ti was based on thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria. All samples were normalized at 1000°C for 1h and tempered at 650°C and 750°C for 2h, which resulted in tempered martensite with M23C6 carbides and MX precipitates. Ti-added RAFM steel tempered at 650°C has fine M23C6 carbides and nano-sized (Ti,W)C particles with about 20nm, leading to a superior balance of strength and impact toughness, compared to the previous RAFM steels with Ta.
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