Abstract
This research mainly focuses on the successful fabrication of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) reinforced WE43 alloy by two-pass friction stir processing (FSP). Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and in vitro corrosion behavior of FSPed WE43/nHA composite and FSPed WE43 alloy were studied. The results show that nHA particles are effectively dispersed in the processing zone, and the well-dispersed nHA particles can enhance the grain refine effect of FSP. The average grain sizes of FSPed WE43 alloy and WE43/nHA composite are 5.7 and 3.3 μm, respectively. However, a slight deterioration in tensile strength and yield strength is observed on the WE43/nHA composite, compared to the FSPed WE43 alloy, which is attributed to the locally agglomerated nHA particles and the poor quality of interfacial bonding between nHA particles and matrix. The electrochemical test and in vitro immersion test results reveal that the corrosion resistance of the WE43 alloy is greatly improved after FSP. With the addition of nHA particles, the corrosion resistance of the WE43/nHA composite shows an even greater improvement.
Highlights
Magnesium and its alloys have several advantages when compared with traditional metal biomedical materials
During Friction stir processing (FSP), materials in the stir zone will undergo dynamic recrystallization and coarse second phases will break into small particles, resulting from the severe plastic deformation caused by the FSP tool and thermal
During FSP, materials in the stir zone will undergo dynamic recrystallization and coarse second phases will break into small particles, resulting from the severe plastic deformation caused by the FSP tool and thermal effect caused by friction [13,16]
Summary
Magnesium and its alloys have several advantages when compared with traditional metal biomedical materials. The Young’s modulus and density of magnesium and its alloys are similar to that of natural bone, which can effectively avoid the stress shielding effect [1,2]. Magnesium-based biomedical materials have been widely reported to positively stimulate the formation of new bone, which is favorable for bone fracture healing [3]. Magnesium alloys have great potential in applications as biodegradable metal materials [4,5]. Biomedical magnesium alloys face the urgent issue of controlling corrosion behavior by avoiding local corrosion and controlling corrosion rates, in order to meet the safety and mechanical property requirements for biodegradable metal materials [6]
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