Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 2017A Aluminium Alloy Obtained from Scrap Recycling

Mrówka-Nowotnik Grażyna,Kamil Gancarczyk,Andrzej Nowotnik,Grzegorz Boczkal,Kamil Dychtoń

doi:10.3390/ma14010089

Mrówka-Nowotnik Grażyna, Kamil Gancarczyk + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010089

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Abstract

The continuous increase in the consumption of aluminium and its alloys has led to an increase in the amount of aluminium scrap. Due to environmental protection, and to reduce the costs of manufacturing aluminum in recent years, a lot of research is devoted to recycling of aluminum alloys. The paper presents the results of research concerning the possibility of manufacturing standardized alloy 2017A from commercial and post-production scrap by continuous casting. Obtained from recycling process ingots were subjected to analysis of chemical composition and intermetallic phase composition. Based on the results of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy + electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM + EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) the following phases in the as-cast state were identified: θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, Al7Cu2Fe, Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, and α-Al15(FeMn)3(SiCu)2. During solution heat treatment most of the primary precipitates of intermetallic phases, like θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, were dissolved in the solid solution α-Al, and during natural and artificial aging they precipitate as strengthening phases θ-Al2Cu and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7 with high dispersion. The highest hardness—150.3 HB—of 2017A alloy was obtained after solution heat treatment from 510 °C and aging at 175 °C. In the static tensile test the mechanical (Rm and Rp0.2) and plastic (A5) properties were determined for 2017A alloy in the cast state and after T4 heat treatment. The highest strength properties—tensile strength Rm = 450.5 MPa and yield strength R0.2 = 268.7 MPa with good relative elongation A5 = 14.65%, were obtained after solution heat treatment at 510 °C/6 h/water quenching and natural aging at 25 °C for 70 h. The alloy manufactured from recycled scrap is characterized by relatively high mechanical properties.

Highlights

Aluminium and its alloys occupy a special place among light materials used in modern technology
Recycling aluminium scrap is divided into five steps: collecting, sorting, crushing remelting and casting
The testing material was a 2017A aluminium alloy for plastic processing obtained from recycling

Summary

Introduction

Aluminium and its alloys occupy a special place among light materials used in modern technology. The use of aluminium alloys is determined by both their prevalence in the earth’s crust and good physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, in particular low density and high relative strength (Rm /δ), good electrical and thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, as well as good technological properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Widely used for many applications, has one of the greatest energy alterations between primary and secondary production process at ~180 MJ/kg and ~15 MJ/kg, respectively [9,10] This is why most manufacturers come to accept of expanding the usage of secondary materials, among other things—aluminium scrap [11,12]. The sorting process divides scrap into coated and uncoated group together

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