Abstract
In this study, single-layer and three-layer nickel-based coatings were fabricated on 316L SS by laser additive manufacturing. The phase characterization, microstructure observation, and microhardness analysis of the coatings were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and microhardness tester. And the wear resistance of the coatings was analyzed through dry sliding friction and wear test. The results show that the cross-section microstructure of the three-layer nickel-based coating is different from that of the single-layer one under the influence of heat accumulation; the dendrite structure in the central region of the former is equiaxial dendrite, while that of the latter still remains large columnar dendrites. The existence of solid solution phase γ-(Fe, Ni) and hard phases of Ni17Si3, Cr5B3, Ni3B in the coating significantly improve the wear resistance of the coating, and the microhardness is nearly 2.5 times higher than that of the substrate. However, the average microhardness of multilayer cladding coating is about 48 HV0.2 higher than that of the single-layer cladding coating. In addition, the fine surface structure of the three-layer nickel-based coating improves the wear resistance of the coating, making this coating with the best wear resistance.
Highlights
Due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, 316L stainless steel is widely used in the chemical industry and aerospace field [1,2,3]
The results showed that intermetallic reinforcement materials such as TaC, Cr3C2, and Co3Ta were distributed in the substrate uniformly, improving the wear resistance and the electrochemical corrosion performance of the alloy
It can be seen that its shape is almost equiaxed spherical the size is approximately 50~150 μm, and the d50 of powder is about 100 μm. 316L stainless steel cut into 80 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm was applied as the substrate
Summary
Due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, 316L stainless steel is widely used in the chemical industry and aerospace field [1,2,3]. Surface modification is needed to further improve the properties of the material [4,5], including atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) [6], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [7] and laser additive manufacturing (LAM) [8]. As a new manufacturing technology integrating laser, digitization, materials science, and other disciplines, LAM has obtained widespread attention in recent years since it can realize dimension reduction manufacturing, complex forming, and high material utilization [9,10,11]. LC can inject powder with low dilution and specific quality into the substrate to improve material performance and repair material surface defects, which has been the focus of material researchers in recent years [16,17,18]
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