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Abstract
Metal-based additive manufacturing technologies using electron or laser beams as a heat source for melting a metal powder or wire have been the subject of keen interest in recent years. At present paper a comparative analysis of the microstructure, strain response during tensile test and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V samples produced by selective laser melting, electron beam melting or electron beam free-form fabrication were performed. A microstructural study using transmission electron microscopy revealed columnar prior β grains transformed into a lamellar α-morphology in the samples. According to X-ray diffraction study, the volume fractions of the β-Ti phase in the samples were equal to 2, 4 and 6 % respectively. It has been shown that the Vickers microhardness of SLM and EBM Ti–6Al–4V samples was similar (~5.4 GPa) while the hardness of EBF3 parts was significantly lower (4.5 GPa). The uniaxial stress-strain response of the Ti–6Al–4V samples fabricated by different additive manufacturing technologies were compared. Crystallographic (dislocation motion) and non-crystallographic (shear banding) deformation mechanisms of the loaded samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry.
Highlights
Metal-based additive manufacturing process is a novel and promising technique in which objects are formed by the electron beam or laser melting of metal powder or wire from 3D model data [1,2,3]
The microstructure of the parts produced by electron beam melting of powder feedstock from different materials often is better than that of the part produced by selective laser melting (SLM)
A comparative analysis of the microstructure, strain response during tensile test and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V samples fabricated by different additive manufacturing technologies was performed
Summary
Metal-based additive manufacturing process is a novel and promising technique in which objects are formed by the electron beam or laser melting of metal powder or wire from 3D model data [1,2,3]. The benefits of electron-beam melting (EBM) include the ability to build titanium parts since the process realizes within vacuum environment. The latter is due to the high reactivity of titanium at. The microstructure of the parts produced by electron beam melting of powder feedstock from different materials often is better than that of the part produced by selective laser melting (SLM). Nearly 100% efficient in feedstock consumption and extremely high build rate (up to 2500 cm3/h) are the major advantages of electron beam free-form fabrication (EBF3) process [4]. We analyzed comparatively the microstructure, strain response during tensile test and mechanical properties of SLM-, EBM- and EBF3-produced Ti–6Al–4V samples
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