Abstract
The electrical properties and microstructures of SrTiO3–PbTiO3–CaTiO3–Bi2O3–TiO2 systems were investigated. It was found that the materials had two inhomogeneous regions, called “grain core-grain shell”, by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The dielectric constant showed two peaks. The dielectric constant at temperatures below 0° C decreased, whereas that at temperatures above 100° C increased slightly under DC bias field. D-E loops revealed that the ferroelectric state existed at temperatures below 0° C, and the paraelectric-like state existed at temperatures above 100° C. The observed frequency dependence and aging phenomena showed that this material was a relaxor. A relationship between the electrical properties and microstructure has been proposed.
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