Abstract
Significant anisotropy in mechanical properties was observed in 316L stainless steel (SS) that was subjected to selective laser melting (SLM) to produce a hierarchical structure, composed of molten pool, columnar grains, and a cellular substructure. Such anisotropy was induced by the geometric relationship between the boundary of the molten pool and the tensile force. The in situ tensile test showed initial deformation rapidly occurred at the boundary of the molten pool, followed by strain localization, and a lower ductility was obtained when loaded in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the molten pool). By contrast, the deformation was significantly constrained because of the geometry of the boundary of the molten pool, and substantial deformation occurred in the cellular substructure during loading in transverse direction (parallel to the molten pool). Finally, the quantitative analysis revealed that the high-level strength was attributed to the high-density dislocations and the fine cellular substructure.
Highlights
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The “fish scale” molten pool can be macroThe as-built samples have obvious solidification track in the macroscopic scale and scopically observed in Figure 2a and many columnar grains grow through the boundary cellular substructure in the microscopic scale
The “fish scale” molten pool can be macroof the molten pool, indicating that the columnar grain grows epitaxially in the direction scopically observed in Figure 2a and many columnar grains grow through the boundary of the maximum temperature gradient
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Additive manufacturing (AM) has attracted much attention due to its integrated molding capabilities and time and cost savings [1,2,3]. Selective laser melting (SLM) is an important branch of AM [4]. SLM is a rapid prototyping technology, that solves the problems associated with traditional methods such as long cycles, high cost, and difficult machining, and has substantial advantages in the preparation of complex parts [5]
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