Abstract
In our previous study, the effects of TiC heterogeneous nucleation site particles on formability and microstructure of additive manufactured (AMed) Ti-6Al-4V products were studied. It was found that the addition of TiC particles decreased the grain size of primary β phase in AMed Ti-6Al-4V samples, since TiC particles act as heterogeneous nucleation sites. It is also found that the density of AMed Ti-6Al-4V samples could be increased by addition of TiC particles. It is expected that solid-state β-grain growth by the high temperature thermal cycles associated with layer-by-layer manufacturing can be suppressed by the pinning effect of TiC heterogeneous nucleation site particles. In this study, the pinning effect of heterogeneous nucleation site particles on microstructure of Ti at elevated temperatures is studied. For this purpose, Ti-0.3vol%TiC samples fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are used as the model materials, and microstructure and hardness of the samples heat treated at elevated temperatures are studied.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing (AM), which is commonly called 3D printing, is the process of fabricating objects layer by layer from 3D numerical models, as opposed to traditional subtractive manufacturing technologies
Ti-0.3vol%TiC samples fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are used as the model materials, and microstructure and hardness of the samples heat treated at elevated temperatures are studied
Smaller grain size is found for Ti-0.3vol%TiC sample, since the grain growth during the SPS method can be inhibited in the presence of TiC particles
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM), which is commonly called 3D printing, is the process of fabricating objects layer by layer from 3D numerical models, as opposed to traditional subtractive manufacturing technologies. Ti-6Al-4V has been widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, biomedical and other fields because of its low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good welding performance. This alloy has been well studied in the field of AM. The local solidification of small melt pools during AM can result in epitaxial growth and the formation of elongated columnar grains as heat is primarily extracted through the previously manufactured (solidified) layer, often across a steep thermal gradient, as shown in Fig. 1 (a) 7). The high temperature thermal cycles associated with layer-by-layer manufacturing promote solid-state -grain growth
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