Abstract
Micromechanical models of porous ferroelectric ceramics have often assumed that thematerial is fully polarized in a particular direction and/or consists of a single isolated pore.In this work the polarization state in three-dimensional porous polycrystalline ferroelectricnetworks has been modelled to eradicate the oversimplification of these idealized unit cells.This work reveals that microstructural network models more closely represent a porousferroelectric microstructure since they are able to take into account the complexpolarization distribution in the material due to the presence of high and low permittivityregions. The modelling approach enables the prediction of the distribution ofpoled and unpoled material within the structure. The hydrostatic figures of meritand permittivity were determined for a variety of porous lead zirconate titanatemicrostructures and found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The decreasein piezoelectric activity with porosity was observed to be associated with thecomplex polarization state within the material. Model results were shown to bemuch improved when compared to a model assuming a fully polarized model.
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