Microstructural Enhancement and Performance of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloy Grade 5 Composite Coatings

Abstract

Abstract The surface integrity of Titanium alloy may be improved by surface modification, to expand its availability for more diverse industrial applications. Additive manufacturing is a commercially competitive manufacturing technique with the possibility of altering the entire perception of design and fabrication. The study experimentally investigates the effects that Ytterbium Laser System process parameters, such as laser power, powder feed rate and traverse speed, has on the resultant microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 alloy. The deposition process was conducted employing a 3kW (CW) Ytterbium Laser System (YLS-2000-TR) machine, coaxial to the reinforcement powder. The laser scanning speed and power were varied between the intervals of 1–1.2 m/min and 900–1000 W. All other parameters kept constant were the rate of gas flow, the spot diameter, and the rate of powder flow. The microstructure was characterized by grain size and morphology by using Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). During the DLMD process, the thermal histories induced in the process led to the promotion of the transformed α+β microstructure from the initial primary a microstructure; the growth and evolution of the distinct grain morphologies and stability of the alpha and beta structures upon increased and reduced structures. It was ascertained that by increasing the traverse speeds, the cooling rates increased, which resulted in the decrease in the width of the columnar grains.