Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated by employing TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with large specific surface area (SSA) and submicron-sized macroporous (mp-)TiO2 powders. The SSA of TNT obtained was much larger than that of commercial TiO2 nanoparticles (P25, AEROXIDE®) and the photovoltaic performance of the DSSC with the TNT electrode was larger than that with the P25 electrode. The addition of P25 to the TNT electrode was ineffective in improving the performance, and further addition of In2O3 to the TNT electrode containing P25 led to larger improvement in photoenergy-conversion efficiency to η = 5.73%. This improvement in η is considered to arise from the enhancement of the electronic conduction among TiO2 particles by the mixing of In2O3. On the other hand, the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs with the mp-TiO2 electrodes was low, but the stacking of the mp-TiO2 film onto the P25 electrode was quite effective in improving the photovoltaic performance, probably because of the excellent light scattering properties of the mp-TiO2 film.
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