Abstract
Additive manufacturing of an AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel was studied via an integrated thermomechanical and microstructural modelling approach. A finite element technique was employed to evaluate the temperature evolution due to successive material deposition. Heat transfer simulations provided the temperature field history, required to determine the microstructural evolution. Thermodynamic and kinetic simulations were employed to calculate temporal and spatial distribution of phases and alloying elements upon solidification and subsequent thermal cycling. The ensuing microstructural properties could be provided as an input for a mechanical finite element analysis to calculate, based on local mechanical properties, the residual stresses and distortions.
Highlights
Metal part additive manufacturing (AM) is emerging as a novel technique of producing complex three-dimensional components, in the recent years
A thermal analysis was performed to simulate the thermal history during AM in a 316L stainless steel, followed by a microstructural analysis consisting of thermodynamic and kinetic calculations to describe the spatial and temporal evolution of phase fractions and compositions, as well as the freezing range and the elemental microsegregation upon solidification and thermal cycling
Kinetic calculations were performed to include the effect of multi-component diffusion during eutectic solidification, after considering the entire thermal cycle as determined via heat transfer simulations
Summary
Metal part additive manufacturing (AM) is emerging as a novel technique of producing complex three-dimensional components, in the recent years. The laser bed fusion (LBF) process of an AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel with nominal composition of Fe-18Cr-14Ni-2.6Mo-1Mn-0.03C (in wt%), was considered. The ensuing rapid thermal cycling can result in the development of undesirable microstructural features as elemental microsegregation, leading to poor corrosion resistance, or more importantly in the development of residual stresses and distortions in the part. An integrated thermomechanical and microstructural simulation of ΑΜ, as applied to an AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, is presented. The thermal history generated by two-dimensional heat transfer simulations is essential in determining the resulting microstructure. The effect of processing parameters on critical microstructural features such as the freezing range, phase fractions, and elemental segregation was investigated via CALPHAD-based computational thermodynamic and
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