Abstract
Structural and morphological studies in pure and Ce-doped tin dioxide nanoparticles with high stability against particle growth were performed in samples, obtained using the polymeric precursor method and prepared at different annealing temperatures. A Ce-rich surface layer was used to control the particle size and stabilize SnO 2 against particle growth. The formation of this segregated layer can contribute to a decreased surface energy, acting in the driving force, or reducing the surface mobility. Only the cassiterite SnO 2 phase was observed below 1000 °C and a secondary phase (CeO 2 ) was observed for the Ce-doped SnO 2 at temperatures higher than 1000 °C, when de-mixing process occurs. The evolution of crystallite size, microstrain and morphology of the nanoparticles with annealing temperatures was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), associated to Rietveld refinements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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