Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Binary Ti-Rich Fe–Ti, Al-Rich Fe–Al, and Ti–Al Alloys

Daoud Chanbi,Sif Amara,Zine Fellah,Leïla Adnane Amara,Erick Ogam

doi:10.3390/ma12030433

Abstract

Three series of binary, FeTi (Ti-rich), FeAl and TiAl (Al-rich) alloy samples were produced in an argon arc furnace. An annealing treatment of 72 h at 1000 °C was applied to the samples, giving rise to different equilibrium microstructures depending on chemical composition. Their mechanical properties were studied through the determination of elastic constants that measure the stiffness of the elaborated materials. Young’s modulus of the binary alloys was determined using Resonance Ultrasonic Vibration (RUV). The accuracy of this technique was demonstrated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) made it possible to identify intermetallic compounds FeTi and Ti, FeAl and Fe, and TiAl and Ti in respective systems Fe–Ti, Fe–Al, and Ti–Al. The link between their composition, microstructure, and elastic properties was established.

Highlights

The development of the intermetallic alloys Ti–Al, Fe–Al and Fe–Ti is essentially related to the properties and performance of these materials compared to steel’s constituent pure elements, namely, iron, titanium, aluminum, and for some uses, nickel-based superalloys
The effective levels of Fe, Ti, and Al were provided by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis and are listed in Table 3, in which we reported the chemical compositions of the different observed phases in each of the studied alloys here
To confirm the phases found by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we studied the morphology of the phases formed in the binary alloys by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Summary

Introduction

The development of the intermetallic alloys Ti–Al, Fe–Al and Fe–Ti is essentially related to the properties and performance of these materials compared to steel’s constituent pure elements, namely, iron, titanium, aluminum, and for some uses, nickel-based superalloys. Economic reasons (reduction of costs) and industrial reasons (reduction of material density or environmental nuisances) explain why they are highly sought after by certain industries, in particular, aeronautics industries. Today, they are used for properties such as friction resistance, hardness, and high-temperature and corrosion resistance [1,2,3]. Fe–Ti alloys have excellent resistance to friction, and are widely used in the automotive industry [6]. Fe–Ti and Fe–Al alloys have particular advantages: they are very affordable raw materials, and they have low density, excellent corrosion resistance, even in aggressive environments, and good mechanical properties [7,8]

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion