Abstract
Passive elements in microstrip circuits are generally realized using either transmission line segments or surface mount components. It first describes lumped element components that can be realized by patterning microstrip or obtained as discrete components, such as surface???mount components, that can be soldered to a microstrip circuit. Termination refers to the termination of a transmission line in a short circuit, an open circuit or a load. ?????type microwave attenuators are used in broadband power???leveling loops where the microwave output power is maintained constant over a wide range of frequencies. Other passive elements discussed in the chapter are micro???strip stubs, hybrids, couplers, power combiners, dividers, baluns, and integrated components. The two most commonly used power combiners or dividers are the Wilkinson combiner and the Chireix combiner. Above a few gigahertz or so it is necessary to use transmission line baluns and the best of these is the Marchund balun.
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