Microsporum gypseum infection among two related families, with a zoonotic aspect: a prospective case series

Abstract

BackgroundDermatophytosis (Tinea) refers to a group of diseases of the scalp, hair, body, and surrounding skin caused by dermatophytes species. It occurs mainly in warm and humid climates in tropical regions and predominantly affects children ObjectivesTo report on the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis cases among related families, and their pets, from southern Saudi Arabia. Up-to-date information on dermatophytes and dermatophytosis is needed. MethodsThis is a prospective case series undertaken at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in King Khalid, Saudi Arabia. Six patients with suspected dermatophytosis were admitted to our hospital in 2022 and have been followed for recovery with or without scars. Characteristics of fungal pathogens were examined phenotypically and laboratory data were used to initiate treatment with oral fluconazole, topical terbinafine cream, or oral itraconazole. ResultsClinical features and culture results confirmed tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by Microsporum gypseum, which was also present in a pet cat. Tinea capitis cases (n = 4) did not respond to fluconazole and terbinafine treatment, but treatment with itraconazole resulted in a full recovery. Tinea corporis cases (n = 2) were treated with terbinafine, which resulted in a full recovery within 4 weeks, with no signs of scarring. ConclusionsM. gypseum presents with serious persistent lesions and is extremely contagious. Treatment is durable but challenging, and breaking the transmission chain is more difficult.