Abstract
X-ray reflectivity measurements of the binary liquid Ga-Bi alloy reveal a dramatically different surface structure above and below the monotectic temperature T(mono) = 222 degrees C. A Gibbs-adsorbed Bi monolayer resides at the surface in both regimes. However, a 30 A thick, Bi-rich wetting film intrudes between the Bi monolayer and the Ga-rich bulk for T>T(mono). The wetting film's internal structure, not hitherto measured, is determined with A resolution, showing a concentration gradient not predicted by theory and a highly diffuse interface with the bulk phase.
Highlights
A thick wetting film may be stable at the free surface of a binary immiscible liquid mixture
The wetting film’s internal structure, not hitherto measured, is determined with Å resolution, showing a concentration gradient not predicted by theory and a highly diffuse interface with the bulk phase
Between the monotectic temperature Tmono and the bulk critical temperature of demixing Tcrit, the bulk phase separates into two immiscible phases, the high density Bi-rich phase and the low density Ga-rich phase
Summary
A thick wetting film may be stable at the free surface of a binary immiscible liquid mixture. Microscopic Structure of the Wetting Film at the Surface of Liquid Ga-Bi Alloys
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