Abstract
Simple SummaryGenetic characterization is one of the tools to assess the genetic diversity of livestock breeds towards the goals of conservation and sustainable use. This research aimed to assess the genetic diversity, population, genetic relationship, and structure of the Malaysian indigenous Katjang goat breed, which has been reported to be at risk of extinction by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Through assessment from microsatellite DNA markers, this breed was found to have low genetic diversity and showed evidence of high inbreeding. This breed might also have undergone population bottlenecks in the past. Through combined data analysis with other breeds and populations, available through data from published research, the Katjang goat population was found to have interconnection and form the centre of the network; it was also found to be the centroid of the multidimensional scaling plot. The findings of this research help in the understanding of the current genetic diversity of this breed and the need for its conservation.The Katjang goat is the only indigenous domestic goat breed in Malaysia. Following a national baseline survey from 2001 to 2002, this breed was reported to the FAO as being at risk of extinction. In this study, 36 microsatellite markers were screened, and 25 polymorphic markers were used to analyze the genetic structure of the Katjang goat breed in Peninsular Malaysia. A sample set of data derived from another 10 populations from three published research studies was used as an outgroup for an inter-population genetic study. The analysis showed that the mean value of the observed heterozygosity was 0.29 ± 0.14, and the expected heterozygosity was 0.72 ± 0.14, which indicated low genetic diversity. The inbreeding coefficient, FIS, was high, at 0.46. Significant (p < 0.01) deviations from the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium were noted for all loci. The bottleneck analysis using the Wilcoxon Rank test under the two-phase model of mutation was significant (p < 0.01) for heterozygosity excess, which suggested that the Katjang breed had undergone significant population reduction in the past. Through combined analysis of data from publicly available research, almost the entire population of Katjang goats represent the centroid and are grouped together on a multidimensional scaling plot, except for the Terengganu population. Network analysis revealed that the goat population from Pahang formed the centrality of the network.
Highlights
IntroductionIn Malaysia, the total was estimated to be 312,571 in the yearin the thegoat totalpopulation goat population was estimated to beheads 2019 [1]
In Malaysia, the total was estimated to be 312,571 in the yearin the thegoat totalpopulation goat population was estimated to beheads 2019 [1].production of mutton was4200.6 metric tons, while demand yearThe [1]
From the 36 microsatellite markers examined, one microsatellite locus (BM6444), which was suggested by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) & FAO’s Domestic Animal Diversity Information SystemMeasurement of Domestic Animal Diversity [26], failed to produce any allele
Summary
In Malaysia, the total was estimated to be 312,571 in the yearin the thegoat totalpopulation goat population was estimated to beheads 2019 [1]. 4200.6 metric tons, while demand yearThe [1]. The production of mutton was 4200.6 metricthe tons, while was the demand. 35,489.8 metric tons; meant the self-sufficiency level foronly mutton was[1]. Only metric tons; this meant thethis self-sufficiency level for mutton was As11.84% a re- [1]. 31,348.7 metric tons of mutton to cater sult, Malaysia imported 10,224 live goats and 31,348.7 metric tons of mutton to cater to the to the demand [2].demand [2]
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