MicroRNAs Regulation by Nutrients, the New Ray of Hope in Obesity Related Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorders

Abstract

Glucose and lipid metabolic disorders are two most prevalent complications of obesity. Regarding increasing rates of obesity and its metabolic disorders, more effective approaches are needed for prevention or treatment of related metabolic disorders. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic syndrome would be open new way in maintaining homeostasis in these circumstances. miRNAs are non-coding small RNAs with transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory effects on gene expression, however, any disturbance of them could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and its related lipid and glucose metabolic disorders. miRNAs are proposed as an ideal non-invasive biological markers for rapid prediction of some obesity related metabolic diseases because of their stability and measurable concentrations in body fluids. Recent evidences reported changes of some important miRNAs profile with regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolic pathways even years before the onset and/or diagnosis of these obesity related metabolic disorders. Nutrition and dietary components as significant epigenetic factors have an important role in posttranscriptional regulations of lipid and glucose metabolism genes by modulating of related key miRNAs. Epigenetic suggests the importance of personalized nutrition according to miRNAs profile in prevention, control and treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. In this review we summarize evidences regarding the influence of nutrients and food components on some important related circulating miRNAs and their signature as new diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic agents in obesity related lipid metabolism and diabetes as dietary-derived disorders.