Abstract
Cell senescence is critical in diverse aspects of organism life. It is involved in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as in tumor suppression. Consequently, it is tightly integrated with basic physiological processes during life. On the other hand, senescence is gradually being considered as a major contributor of organismal aging and age-related diseases. Increased oxidative stress is one of the main risk factors for cellular damages, and thus a driver of senescence. In fact, there is an intimate link between cell senescence and response to different types of cellular stress. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is not adequately detoxified by the antioxidant defense systems. Non-coding RNAs are endogenous transcripts that govern gene regulatory networks, thus impacting both physiological and pathological events. Among these molecules, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and more recently circular RNAs are considered crucial mediators of almost all cellular processes, including those implicated in oxidative stress responses. Here, we will describe recent data on the link between ROS/RNS-induced senescence and the current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs in the senescence program.
Highlights
The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent studies on the impact of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, as well as their regulatory integrated networks in cell senescence with particular attention to their functions in oxidative stress-induced senescence
Non-coding RNAs comprise a wide range of endogenous transcripts, such as microRNAs, long RNAs, and circular RNAs, which act as “regulatory” non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with diverse functions correlated to the regulation of gene expression
This study demonstrated that miR-155 increased in the bone marrow of aged mice and is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by suppressing the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), which is involved in the regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), SOD1, and HMOX1 expression both in mouse and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. ROS/RNS can fulfill important proliferative cascades and function as signal molecules [21,22,24]. There are multiple levels of regulation in the signaling network(s) initiating the cellular senescence program and sustaining it once activated. Most of these are based on transcriptional and posttranscriptional, as well as epigenetic changes highlighting proteins, and different types of RNAs, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as crucial components of cell senescence program [27,30–33]. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent studies on the impact of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, as well as their regulatory integrated networks in cell senescence with particular attention to their functions in oxidative stress-induced senescence
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