Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that repress post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, while embryonal central nervous system tumors are the foremost cause of mortality in children suffering from a neoplasm. MiRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms are new to understand, while pediatric CNS tumors are difficult to comprehend. Therefore, identification of the link between them composes a major scientific challenge. The present study, reviewed the current knowledge on the role of miRNA in pediatric CNS embryonal tumors, attempting to collect the existing information in one piece of work that could ideally be used as a guide for future reference and research.
Highlights
Introducing microRNAs MicroRNAs are endogenous short non-coding RNAs of 19–24 nucleotides in length that repress posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
Singlestranded miRNAs are predicted to regulate 30% of all genes and to target sequences in the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of genes. They bind through partial sequence homology to the 3’ UTR of target mature protein coding messenger RNAs and either inhibit mRNA translation through RNA interference (RNAi) or less frequently induce mRNA degradation
Concluding remarks In summary, even if miRNAs appear as promising therapeutic targets, there is still a huge gap between mi-RNA basic research and application to clinical settings
Summary
Introducing microRNAs MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs of 19–24 nucleotides in length that repress posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Oncogenesis in childhood neoplasms Clonal evolution and cancer stem cells Substantial growing experimental evidence in several malignancies has demonstrated that only a distinct subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), contain the ability to undergo self-renewal and differentiation (properties of normal stem cells). They have the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and support ongoing tumor growth. It appears that, like their normal stem cell counterparts, CSCs have increased resistance to standard cytotoxic therapies These findings have coalesced into the cancer stem cell hypothesis of tumorigenesis, which has remarkable implications on our understanding of tumor initiation, disease progression, and treatment response. Staging systems for MBs based on clinical parameters including patient age, metastatic stage and pathological variants are still widely employed in clinical
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
